The pledge to leave no one behind has been essential in making the plight of refugees more visible and in highlighting the need to include migrants and refugees in national health-care systems.

In Latin America, vulnerability in contexts of human mobility does not usually reside in refugee camps. This multidimensional, layered vulnerability is everywhere, dispersed and invisible, because migrants are physically present in communities yet excluded in every other way. Migrants might not be in camps or in detention, but their situation is ever more precarious. They have little access to social protection and health care, they are informal workers most likely to suffer abuse from their employers or lose their source of income, they are marginalized and overcrowded in overpopulated urban settings or in rural areas where the virus will inevitably spread, and they are experiencing the many aspects of poverty.